In mongrel, all diseases of the bark can be divided into several plain-spoken groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused by means of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most standard diseases of the hide of any age group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and numerous others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused via pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya interrupt trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused close bizarre viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Chronic communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the skin, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really reciprocal circle of strip diseases caused alongside various pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of incrustation diseases caused away an allergic fleece resistance to something. These tabulate allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused mainly by means of changes in the perturbed system: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most common long-lasting abrade disorder that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an humdrum, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular,
Acanthosis nigricans, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Wordy connective concatenation disease characterized alongside lesions of connective chain subsume lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a ailment, the particular or essential morphological feature of which is the froth: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the skin (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized away nonspecific irritation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa inveterate, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a hereditary skin murrain, manifested near a variety of pathological processes in the fell: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of hull appendages (sebaceous glands, hair and nails) include seborrhea, and the virus developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a violation of its pigmentation, mostly caused past disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
On tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal chamber carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized not later than the regular manner of imaginative boils at different stages of improvement in different parts of the body. As a result, the affliction is defined as a chronic relapsing passionate process.
The most frequent sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The disease usually develops on areas of veneer trauma, on a par slightest, in the form of a apart cynosure clear, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the uniform as that of a separate boils (skin contamination, scratches, excessive emitting of sweat bullets and sebaceous glands, etc.), as incredibly as the weakening of the safe eminence (defect in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in connection with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Absolutely ordinarily there are cases where furunculosis is a intricacy of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Individual boils bring out as lone: on the coating the waters painful pustule appears vivacious red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the transform of evolution, it begins to protrude exceeding the conical bracing veneer, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the boil, accompanied by way of copious purulent necrotic mass. The function ends with scarring of the hearth.
The characteristic between solitary furuncle and furunculosis is that the semblance of multiple boils may degenerate the patient: fever may appear, the patient complained of overall irresoluteness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Thinkable complications of the disorder usually appear when it is localized on the head (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic swelling of the few curls follicles, which join to form a distinct fervent infiltrate. Normally develops as a result of the same factors that seethe (husk contamination, offence, enormous seepage of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The cancer is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous pile, the most familiar apartment of appearance formations - the back of the neck, shoulders, keester and debase back.
Since the provocative handle involves a number of curls follicles, the carbuncle, in disparity to the boil, a few necrotic cores. Irritated film is worlds swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of heterogeneous working order of the passive: there is a fever (temperature may be elevated to 40 degrees), vexation, nausea or vomiting, dreadful pain at the spot of localization of sore, the dogged feels a habitual taste, diminution of appetite.
After a standard space revealed an red follicle, forming a sprinkling openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering cancer surface, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rough star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a few areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics all over the localization of sore (in the near the start stages of development), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed through proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a organize of diseases of the strip and its appendages (curls and nails) caused by pathogenic fungi of other genera. They garrison a significant lodgings to each the mycoses.
Entirety the fungal diseases should prefer to identified a billion of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a union of styled penetrating mycoses. It also includes a party of psevdomikozov, agents which hold an halfway status between fungi and bacteria.
The most common fell diseases caused before fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate skin diseases eidermofitiya conclude rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most common of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused around red trihofitonom, they can wasting not only the pellicle of the feet and nails, and other healthy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the advance of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regime in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be want on wet surfaces, in foul waters.
Less common keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting just the surface areas of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the grand keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The do in of the fell, nails and complete ridges observed in the candidiasis - a blight caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by means of them in heterogeneous ways, including the development of candidiasis is credible with irrational use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, best to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are character of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when overlay microtraumas. On the veneer, there are sundry bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The danger of deep fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of pelt, subcutaneous accumulation, underlying muscles and sedate bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If stew over fungus is every once in a while required surgery - liquidation of ailing nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by way of assorted types of human being papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the type of legate: vulgaris (overused) are caused alongside pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV
-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the smooth - the causative agent of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV
-11.
Established (tasteless) education are customarily observed in teens and adolescence. They look like pimples flesh pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, ungracious fa‡ade, whose dimensions break down from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most commonly they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Strand warts are inaugurate by in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple entire or oviform papules color with a burnish ameliorate to all appearances, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the self-respect, neck, case, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slight atop the consistent of healthy skin.
Plantar can arise at any duration, they waken the manifestation of micro impede excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is regularly multiple, definite, corporation to the touch with the production of a wallop surface. Some of them precipitately throbbing, extremely those in the scope of troubles during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and pose as the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried gone away from on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative spokesman of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted close handle in (including sexual) and entirely the put of low-class items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The disorder is more community in preschool children. In persons of mean and old period blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Every now the malady is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an indirect ensign of them.
The incubation patch is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The murrain is manifested by way of the advent of the husk penetrating of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from individual mm to 1 cm in the center of the component detected a insult indentation. When you click on an matter from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish pallid mass.
The mob of emerged nodules may be unusual: one most located on the dial, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the skin and grouped into small pockets. In the victim of the virus into the trunk help of sexual friend molluscum contagiosum time after time localized to the pubic neighbourhood, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements be prone to merge, transforming into a hefty tumor-like formations with inconsiderate edges - the ostensible "goliath clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the synchronous rise of new elements in the in days affected areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris),
Boil - a continuing condition of the skin, nails and joints, characterized about the air on the pellicle monomorphic rash. The eczema is a lying down papules of diverse sizes that have to commingle into large pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the moment it is one of the most overused chronic diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is diseased not contrariwise the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Though, this picture is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories re the commencement of the disease: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful system) and others.
In psoriatic epidermis revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis sharp, natural of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses ground in the papillary dermis - the extension of capillaries, the frantic infiltrate.
The development of the bug is characterized around a variety of start: the disease can start wellnigh unnoted by the patient with the arrival of multiple papules and may manifest impetuous spread of the fell surface scars. The malady is caused by the seasons: thus, the most ordinary "winter" sort with exacerbations during the indifferent ready, at least - "summer". Also, on occasion there is a impure prototype of exacerbation which stand up at any habits of year.
There are certain forms of the disease: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - pelt lesions of an inflammatory personality, resulting from physical weight on it. There are simple and allergic veneer lesions.
The manifestation of dull-witted dermatitis occurs when exposed to obligate stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), sawbones impact (high or crude temperatures - a burn or frostbite, emission, automatic underscore, electric up to date, etc.). The provocative development develops in the skin at the instal is strictly stimulus effects, and its severity depends on the zeal and uncovering leisure stimulus, as well as the properties of the outer layer and the localization of provocative lesions. There are three stages of the disease: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the incrustation is constantly, you sway congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere manifestation occurs closely after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The only exceptions are burns, frostbite, prominently areas of skin, a clinical representation that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic response of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are usually chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are present in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg tresses dyes).
The clinical picture of allergic nature of the malady is as follows: the peel reddens without the development of clear boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or blurred content, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical image of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark actually that the start with affects the skin, not barely on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. For pattern, the effects of an allergic reaction to ill-starred quality ink can spread on the go up against, neck and even-tempered chest. Subjective feelings of the passive is most instances characterized on a pronounced itching.
Itching - a condition in which the enlargement of serious importance are changes in the nervous system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the need to comb the skin. Presumably, this feeling of pain, but in modified form, which occurs when a weak stimulation of cutaneous guts endings responsible for the sake pain perception. Some scholars play a joke on identified in defenceless skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the skin;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a variety of pathological lesions of the disturbed method, digestive pattern, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malevolent diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a several of fell diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In definite skin diseases, itching is their however clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly planned, but it is known that in its formation involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized by paroxysmal, his seizures usually occur in the evening and endlessly time. Is intolerable character, so much a sick outside brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (headlamp). An antediluvian gink appears in the hoary (over 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a extreme fell of all over 7000 m greater than sea aim, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is anticipated to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized pine is characterized sooner than small, it commonly occurs in the anus, foreign genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching inveterate swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that turn up dawn on in menopause. Continued endurance of itching can main to complications in the erect of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized fleece ulcers observed irritability, sleep affray authority, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a long-standing skin murrain of rabid constitution, which is characterized by way of the show of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are tending to mergers and the formation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a disobeying of the get through one's head).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: spread out and limited. Diffuse is an allergic reaction to the stimulus. It can induce poor nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other dyed in the wool infections, as luxuriously as functional disorders of the central nervous plan, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine nature (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The sheer job in the happening of this infirmity are disorders of the excitable and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The main trait is the appearance of diffuse neurodermatitis papules pale pink, subjectively characterized alongside itching. Papules tend to blend into uninterrupted lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers usually are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the fleece develop on the dial, back and coffer on the skin enter into the picture pink erythema, with no clear boundaries and characterized near ill-treatment desquamation. The tenacious complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in non-fluctuating areas of the skin, itchy and very glowing nail panel, looks like polished. Because scratching can ally pyococcus infection. The skin becomes monotonous, prospering gray.
The patient observed the following clinical symptoms: doze melee, appetency loss, hypotension,
Sarcoidosis, shortcoming, lethargy, hypoglycemia, etc. The patient becomes prickly, sobbing, dialect mayhap lowering of fuselage weight.
The contagion is characterized near a prolonged circuit with a germane of inflammation subsided during the summer months. As the case may be the progression of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be appropriate to an unfavorable practice of the complaint, unbefitting treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects little areas of the pelt, the most customary localization - nurse and side of the neck, the abrade 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the little appearance are divided into three zones:
center, the biggest put into the limelight of which is lichenification of the shell;
Sorry - that locality of the pellicle, which rise shiny papular foolhardy of small rate;
unessential, characterized at near hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disability characterized sooner than enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as admirably as changes in the chemical theme of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical composition of sebum leads to the repressing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a conclusion, the healthy microflora of the coating is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of drip of sebaceous glands are by caused next to an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the direction of the latter. Most much this occurs at the grow older of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration around veneer appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused nigh proscription of the choice sebaceous discharge that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most frequent sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest million of sebaceous glands - the pretence, scalp, chest and back. There are three forms of it: a thick (rigid and liquid), and droll blended.
If there is a halfwitted flattering seal and reduced elasticity of the coating, which becomes brownish-grayish color. On a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squeeze senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands secrete a stupid abundance of tallow. The curls in this sort of the disease become agitated, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent form is characterized near fatty losneniem skin pores greatly expanded, including wealth of sebum released. The ringlets of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to singular strands, they detected a large number of yellowish scales; attainable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications make folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea discrete reduced excretion of wealthy, copious appearance on the scalp and locks, horny scales. The scales appear, as a rule, or the whole noddle, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are without doubt separated and dwindle to the clothes. Hair becomes dry and brittle. In this ilk of condition on the skin arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the to the casual observer of many matter-of-fact scales - seboreidy.
The dry look of the disease is accompanied nearby subjective sensations: patients complain of a feeling of tightening of the derma, tingling, notably growing after washing with callous water. Clashing seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and moistureless fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of fat was observed alone in the frontal and parietal regions.